In the late 1970 s, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong began to adopt spray-sowing technology.Spray machineThe technology is based on water as the carrier, and the treated plant seeds, fiber mulch, adhesive, water retaining agent and nutrients required for seed germination are mixed, stirred, and sprayed to the place where it needs to be planted to form ecological vegetation Greening technology.

1. Spray seeding technology

In the early 1960 s, the United States, Western Europe, Japan and other countries adopted the technology of hydraulic spraying and planting grass, and it was popularized and applied in South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and other places in the late 1970 s. The technology of hydraulic spraying grass planting is based on water as the carrier, and the treated plant seeds, fiber mulch, adhesive, water retaining agent and nutrients required by seedlings are mixed, stirred and sprayed to the places where they need to be planted by hydraulic spraying machine, so as to form the greening technology of ecological vegetation. Cellulose and adhesive form a semi-permeable moisturizing surface layer, and form a colloidal thin wax on the surface layer, which can greatly reduce the water evaporation with the water retention agent. The hydraulic spraying machine adopts a high-pressure centrifugal spraying machine, which can spray the plant seeds mixed with ingredients at the speed of a spraying gun at a higher speed. A hydraulic spraying machine can spray grass 8000-10000m2 per day, which is 100 times more efficient than artificial grass planting. The power injection range of the centrifugal pump of the hydraulic spraying machine is 20~60 m, and tens of meters of conveying pipelines can be connected as required. The emptying time is 5-18 min, the volume of the super-large machine reaches 6000 L, and a can of materials can be sprayed with 3000 m2 of grass. The inner covering materials include pulp, wood pulp, straw, peat soil, etc., which wrap the seeds to avoid exposure to the surface of the seeds, and provide the absorbed water and nutrients to the seed germination and emergence in a balanced manner. The anti-soil erosion agent is mostly powder (emulsion such as emulsified asphalt and synthetic resin were used before). The film-forming substance of the anti-soil erosion agent is a surfactant with long lipid chain, which dissolves in water and bonds with soil particles when spraying seeds, fertilizers, inner coverings and other materials on the soil surface to form organic colloid, which tightly covers the surface of clay minerals in a film shape, the seeds were allowed to adhere to the soil surface. It is the hydraulic spraying method to plant grass seeds so that the seeds can grow on the slope, which is the key. The outer covering material is mostly made of polypropylene filament non-woven fabric, which is light in weight (10-18g/m2), has a width of more than 2 m, is convenient to carry, has fast covering speed, has strong corrosion resistance, and has low use cost. It can effectively prevent wind erosion and water erosion.

The technology of spraying and seeding with three-dimensional net

It is a three-dimensional network structure composed of multi-layer plastic convex-concave network and two-way stretching plane network. A stable three-dimensional network structure is formed by hot melt bonding at the intersection. It is a kind of special geosynthetic material for plant slope protection. The surface is convex, the material is loose and soft, leaving more than 90% of the space for filling soil and sand, and plant roots can pass through it. The bottom two-way tensile plane mesh has the characteristics of low ductility and high strength, which has a certain effect on preventing the slope from sliding down. Generally speaking, in the early stage of plant growth, because the roots formed by individual plants are only loosely entangled together, there is no long-lying root system, which is easy to separate from the soil and has no protective effect on the soil. And the application of three-dimensional network is to achieve more comprehensive shallow protection from the above three aspects. The process flow of hanging three-dimensional net spraying includes:(1) the three-dimensional net is laid flat on the slope surface from top to bottom, and the tight slope surface is pressed with bamboo nails to press the slope surface without wrinkling and hanging phenomena;(2) Covering soil or machine spraying backfill soil-the thickness of soil should be slightly covered with net cushion, and it is appropriate not to expose the net cushion to the sun. After covering soil, the soil layer should be compacted to reduce the seed scouring, so as to further improve the seed germination and growth environment;(3) the maintenance is for 60 days, mainly with sprinkler irrigation, and the soil is covered on the slope to reduce the washing of seeds by heavy rainfall, so as to further improve the seed germination and growth environment;

3, guest soil spraying technology

The technology is suitable for medium and low slopes with a slope of less than 80 degrees. The equipment used in this technology is a vehicle-mounted passenger soil spraying machine with a thickness of 5-8cm on the base surface. The main components are generator, mud pump, mixing tank, hydraulic system, mixing system, injection system, control system, piping system, etc.

The process of ground spraying of the spraying machine includes:

(1) Cleaning of the slope surface-cleaning of the slope surface silt, rubble, gravel, etc., to ensure the smoothness and stability of the slope section, and lay a good foundation for the laying of the three-dimensional network;

(2) Net hanging and anchoring-the three-dimensional net is sprayed from top to bottom to form a larger space between the three-dimensional net and the slope surface, thus forming a larger space between the three-dimensional net and the slope surface;

(3) Substrate Spray Mixing-Guest Soil Spray Sowing is to add silt, peat, crude fiber, compound fertilizer, polymer binder, water retention agent, etc. to the slope surface by spraying machine, and stir while adding dry material until it is fully uniform;

(4) Base layer spraying agent-soil spraying is to spray a certain volume of bottom surface on the bottom plate, then spray on the bottom plate, then spray on the bottom plate, then spray on the bottom plate, then add sifted soil, peat, crude fiber, compound fertilizer, polymer binder, water retaining agent, etc. on the bottom plate, humidify the bottom plate, and then sprinkle water on the bottom plate, and in the bottom plate to join the sieved soil, peat, crude fiber, compound fertilizer, polymer binder, water retention agent, etc., while adding dry materials while stirring, until fully uniform.